六、落實科教興國戰略，大力開發人才資源
這是《綱要》的重要內容，也是實現今后五年各項任務的重要保證。
促進科技進步和創新，為結構調整和經濟發展提供強大動力。一要積極推進具有戰略意義的高技術研究，力爭在一些關系國民經濟命脈和國家安全的關鍵技術領域取得突破。努力提高自主創新能力，促進高新技術成果產業化。二要為傳統產業升級提供技術支持。重點在農產品加工及轉化、裝備制造、節水節能、紡織品后整理等方面的技術取得進展，加快高新技術向傳統產業滲透。三要加強基礎研究和應用基礎研究，提高科技持續創新能力。加強基礎科學重點領域的前沿性交叉性研究。選擇我國具有優勢和對發展有重大意義的領域，加強應用基礎研究，力爭在基因組學、信息科學、納米科學、生態科學和地球科學等方面取得新進展。促進自然科學與社會科學的交叉融合，推動管理科學發展。重視發展哲學社會科學，推進理論創新。
加快科技體制改革步伐，進一步促進科技與經濟緊密結合。加強國家創新體系建設。推動企業成為技術進步和創新的主體。繼續鼓勵技術開發類科研院所進入企業或改制為企業。積極推進社會公益類科研院所改革。培育和形成一批具有國際影響的科研機構。發展社會化的科技中介服務業。完善風險投資機制，建立創業板股票市場，支持中小企業技術創新。加大國家和社會對科技的投入。加強國家重點實驗室建設。
堅持教育適度超前發展，為國民經濟和社會發展服務。發展教育，要面向現代化、面向世界、面向未來，著力推進素質教育，促進學生德、智、體、美全面發展。鞏固基本普及九年義務教育和基本掃除青壯年文盲的成果，加快高中階段教育和高等教育的發展，重點建設一批高水平大學和學科。大力發展職業教育和職業培訓，建立職業教育與普通教育相互溝通的教育體系。發展成人教育和多種形式的繼續教育，逐步形成終身教育體系。重視發展兒童早期教育。利用信息技術發展遠程教育。根據經濟和社會發展的要求，繼續調整教育結構和布局，優化專業設置，更新教材，改革課程體系、考試評價制度和教學方法，提高教學質量。加強德育，尤其要重視青少年的品德教育，改進學校思想政治工作。搞好教師隊伍建設，全面提高教師的思想和業務素質。
深化辦學體制和教育管理體制改革。依法落實高校辦學自主權，繼續推進高校后勤服務社會化。鼓勵、支持和規范社會力量辦學。增加國家和社會對教育的投入。適應農村 ?nbsp| 費改革后的新情況，縣級政府要負責對基礎教育經費的統籌，落實教師工資統一發放的措施。中央財政和省級財政要加大對困難地區、民族地區教育的轉移支付和專項投入。健全獎學金、助學金和助學貸款等制度。采取有力措施，切實制止學校亂收費。
實施人才戰略，把培養、吸引和用好人才作為一項重大任務。著眼于現代化建設全局和長遠發展，培養和造就堅持走有中國特色社會主義道路，有較高政治理論素養和開拓精神，掌握現代科學文化和管理知識，并經過實踐考驗的高素質領導人才隊伍。培養和造就具有公仆意識，廉潔、勤政、高素質、專業化的公務員隊伍。培養和造就掌握先進科學技術和管理知識、創新能力強、適應經濟和社會發展需要的各類專業人才隊伍和企業經營管理者隊伍。重視培養具有世界前沿水平的學科帶頭人。普遍提高全體勞動者的科學素養和勞動技能。深化干部人事制度改革，建立和完善對各級各類人才的選拔任用、考核評價、流動配置、激勵監督的制度，形成有利于人才輩出、人盡其才的機制。建立和完善人才市場。依法保護知識產權。吸引聘用海外高級專門人才。鼓勵留學人員回國工作或以適當方式為祖國服務。
VI. Implementing the Strategy of Developing China Through Science and Education and Vigorously Tapping Human Resources
This is an important component of the Outline as well as an important guarantee for accomplishing the various tasks during the next five years.
Stimulating scientific and technological progress and innovation to give a strong impetus to structural readjustment and economic development. First, we need to vigorously conduct strategically significant high technology research, strive to make breakthroughs in some key technological fields that have a direct bearing on economic lifelines and national security, improve our innovative capability, and accelerate the application of high and new technology in production. Second, technological support needs to be provided for the upgrading of traditional industries. We need to concentrate on making technological progress in the processing and converting of agricultural products, manufacturing equipment, conserving water and energy, and finishing textiles. We also need to accelerate the application of high and new technology in traditional industries. Third, we need to strengthen basic research and applied basic research and improve our ability to make sustained progress in scientific and technological innovation. We need to strengthen pioneering and interdisciplinary research in key fields of the basic sciences. We have to increase basic research in selected fields where we have been doing well and which have a great bearing on development, and we have to strive to make fresh progress in the important fields of genomics, information technology, nanoscience, ecology and geoscience. We have to facilitate the integration of natural and social sciences and promote the development of management science. Emphasis should be placed on the development of philosophy and other social sciences and the advances of theoretical innovation.
We need to accelerate the reform of the structure of scientific disciplines and technological fields and promote the closer connection of science and technology with the economy. Efforts to develop a state system to stimulate innovation need to be increased, and enterprises should be encouraged to play an important role in technological progress and innovation. We need to continue to encourage research institutes engaged in technological development to merge with enterprises or be turned into enterprises, push forward the reform of non-profit research institutes, and establish a number of research institutes that can exert international influence. We need to develop agencies providing scientific and technological services. We need to improve the venture capital investment mechanism, establish a growth enterprise market, and support small and medium-sized enterprises in technological innovation. The state and the society need to invest more in science and technology. Great efforts have to be made to build national key laboratories.
Persisting in the appropriate development of future-oriented education to serve national economic and social development. In developing education, we should meet the needs of modernization, the world and the future, and concentrate on improving quality-oriented education to ensure that students improve in terms of their moral qualities, intellectual ability, physical fitness and aesthetic appreciation. We need to consolidate the achievements of making nine-year compulsory education basically universal in the country and eliminating illiteracy among young and middle-aged people, accelerate the expansion of senior secondary school education and higher education, and develop high-level programs in selected universities and disciplines. Great efforts have to be made to develop vocational education and training and to establish an educational system featuring the integration of vocational education with general education. We need to develop adult education and various forms of continuing education and gradually establish a system of lifelong education. Great emphasis should be placed on children’s early education. Information technology needs to be used to develop long-distance education. In light of the needs of economic and social development, we need to continue to revise the educational structure and organization, optimize the division of disciplines, update teaching materials, reform the curriculum, examination and evaluation systems, improve the methods and quality of instruction, strengthen moral education, especially for young people, improve ideological and political work, recruit a strong corps of capable teachers, and raise the ideological and professional levels of teachers.
We need to deepen the reform of the systems for operating schools and managing education. We need to allow institutions of higher learning to make operating decisions according to law, and to continue the transformation to a system of independent operation of support services in universities and colleges. We need to encourage and help all sectors of society to run schools, and we need to exercise oversight over their operation. In light of new conditions following the reform of taxes and fees in rural areas, county governments should be responsible for overall planning of spending for elementary education. Measures must be implemented to guarantee the coordinated payment of teachers’ salaries. The state and society need to invest more in education. More transfer payments and investment in special projects from the central and provincial financial departments have to be provided for education in poverty-stricken areas and areas inhabited by ethnic groups. We need to improve the systems of scholarships, grants and loans to support students, and we need to take effective measures to curb arbitrary charges levied by schools.
Making efforts to implement the strategy of tapping human resources, and focusing on the important tasks of training, attracting and utilizing talented people. In light of the overall interests of the modernization drive and long-term development, we need to train and nurture a contingent of leading cadres who are highly competent, who persist in taking the socialist road with Chinese characteristics, who have a good understanding of political theory and a pioneering spirit, who have mastered modern science and culture and acquired managerial expertise, and who are well-experienced. We need to train and cultivate a contingent of specialized, high quality public servants who are honest, industrious and eager to serve the people, and a contingent of professional personnel and enterprise managers who have advanced technological and managerial knowledge and innovative ability and meet the needs of economic and social development. We need to attach importance to training leading scholars in frontier disciplines and improving the scientific qualifications and working skills of the entire labor force. We need to deepen the reform of the personnel system; establish and improve the methods by which professionals are recruited, examined, evaluated, transferred, motivated and supervised; and formulate a mechanism that encourages talented people to emerge in large numbers and to make full use of their talent. We need to establish and improve the human resources market and protect intellectual property rights in accordance with the law. We need to attract and employ highly qualified professional personnel from abroad, and encourage students studying overseas to come back to work in China or serve their country in other appropriate ways.
七、進一步深化改革和擴大對外開放
要按照逐步完善社會主義市場經濟體制，促進結構調整和經濟發展的要求，積極推進改革，擴大對外開放。
繼續深化國有企業改革，使企業真正成為市場競爭的主體。重點是加快建立和完善現代企業制度。鼓勵國有大中型企業通過規范上市、中外合資和相互參股等形式，實行股份制，轉換經營機制。對關系國民經濟命脈和國家安全的重要企業，國家必須控股；對其它企業，不必都要控股。積極探索國有資產管理的有效形式。健全企業法人治理結構。特別要建立和完善對國有企業的監管機制，充分發揮監事會的作用。深化企業人事、勞動和分配制度改革，建立健全激勵機制和約束機制，強化科學管理。要結合產業結構調整，堅持 “有進有退、有所為有所不為”的方針，推進國有經濟布局的戰略性調整。繼續放開搞活國有中小企業。進一步實行政企分開，切實轉變政府職能，減少行政性審批。發揮商會、行業協會等中介組織的作用。推進電力、鐵路、民航、通信等行業管理體制改革，引入競爭機制。通過改革，使政府與企業的關系真正轉到符合社會主義市場經濟要求的軌道上來。繼續調整和完善所有制結構。堅持以公有制經濟為主體，發揮國有經濟主導作用，發展多種形式的集體經濟，支持、鼓勵和引導私營、個體經濟健康發展。 大力整頓和規范市場經濟秩序，進一步發展市場體系。這既是保證當前經濟正常運行的迫切需要，又是完善社會主義市場經濟體制的重要舉措。要健全市場法律法規，嚴格執法。完善市場監督機制，運用現代科技手段，加大監管力度。堅持不懈地打擊制售假冒偽劣產品、偷?nbsp| 、騙?nbsp| 、騙匯、走私等違法犯罪活動。整頓建筑市場。整頓和規范金融秩序。嚴肅財經紀律。加強審計監督工作。規范社會中介機構的行為。強化安全生產管理和安全監察。打破部門、行業壟斷和地區封鎖，反對地方保護主義，盡快建立和完善全國統一、公平競爭、規范有序的市場體系。重點培育和發展要素市場，尤其是資本市場。大力倡導誠實守信的職業道德，加快建立健全社會信用制度。 加強和改善宏觀調控，繼續深化財?nbsp| 、金融、投資體制改革。根據經濟形勢變化，實施相應的宏觀經濟政策。近期要繼續實施積極的財政政策，帶動投資和促i消費。全面推進依法理財，強化?nbsp| 收征管，嚴格財政監督，加快?nbsp| 費改革和預算制度改革，健全?nbsp| 制。調整和優化財政支出結構，逐步建立適應社會主義市場經濟要求的公共財政框架。在繼續擴大國內需求和抑制通貨緊縮趨勢的情況下，注意防止可能出現的經濟過熱和通貨膨脹。繼續實行穩健的貨幣政策，適時調節貨幣供應量，保持人民幣幣值穩定。按照現代銀行制度對國有獨資商業銀行進行綜合改革，發揮政策性銀行功能，辦好中小金融機構。規范和健全證券市場，保護投資者利益。進一步發展保險業。改善和強化金融監管，實行嚴格的經營管理考核制度和責任追究制度，改進金融服務，努力提高金融資產質量，防范和化解金融風險。深化投資體制改革，全面實行投資項目法人責任制、招標投標制、工程監理制、合同管理制，健全投資約束機制。 適應經濟全球化趨勢，進一步提高對外開放水平。一要抓緊做好加入世貿組織的準備和過渡期的各項工作。采取切實措施，轉變政府管理方式，提高企業競爭能力。深化改革，健全符合國際通行規則和我國國情的對外經濟貿易體制。加快修訂和完善相關的法律法規。抓緊培養熟悉國際貿易規則的專業人才。二要進一步發展進出口貿易。繼續實施以質取勝、科技興貿戰略。優化出口商品結構，提高高新技術產品比重，增加大宗傳統商品的技術含量和附加值，擴大服務貿易規模。規范加工貿易管理，提高加工貿易的增值率。大力推進市場多元化戰略，開拓新的出口市場。同時，重點進口國內急需的先進技術、關鍵設備和重要原材料。積極參與多邊貿易體系和國際區域經濟合作。三要努力提高利用外資水平。有步驟地推進服務領域對外開放。鼓勵外商特別是跨國公司投資高新技術產業、基礎設施等領域，以及在我國建立研究開發機構，參與國有企業的改組改造。支持有條件的企業到境外上市。進一步改善投資環境。積極探索采用收購、兼并、風險投資、投資基金和證券投資等形式，擴大利用外資規模。積極引導外資更多地投向中西部地區。要繼續辦好經濟特區、浦東新區。四要實施"走出去"戰略。鼓勵有比較優勢的企業到境外投資，開展加工貿易，合作開發資源，發展國際工程承包，擴大勞務出口等。建立和完善政策支持體系，為企業到境外投資興業創造條件。同時要加強監管，防止國有資產流失。
VII. Further Deepening Reforms and Opening Wider to the Outside World
To gradually bring the system of socialist market economy to completion and to stimulate structural readjustment and economic growth, we will press ahead with reforms and open wider to the outside world.
Deepening the reform of state-owned enterprises to enable them to compete as equals in the market economy. The key issue in this regard is to accelerate the establishment and improvement of a modern corporate structure. We need to encourage large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises to adopt the share-holding system and to change their operating procedures by listing their shares on the stock market, setting up joint ventures with foreign investors, or holding each other’s shares. The state must hold a controlling stake in strategic enterprises that concern the national economy and national security, but not necessarily in others. We need to energetically explore effective ways to manage state assets. The legal person system of governance for enterprises must be fully developed and implemented. The supervision and control of state-owned enterprises in particular need to be established and strengthened, and the role of the board of supervisors needs to be fully developed. Enterprises need to further reform their personnel, labor and income distribution systems in order to improve the mechanisms that provide incentives and restraints and to strengthen scientific management. In the course of readjusting the industrial structure, we must adhere to the principles of "advancing in some aspects while retreating in others" and "focusing on certain tasks while putting others aside" and promote strategic readjustment of the overall arrangement of the state-owned sector of the economy. We need to continue to relax control over small and medium-sized state-owned enterprises to enhance their vitality. More efforts need to be made to separate the functions of government from those of enterprises, and the functions of government need to be transformed to reduce administrative oversight and approval. Chambers of commerce, trade associations and other such intermediary agencies are encouraged to play appropriate roles. We need to further reform the management systems of industries such as electricity, railways, civil aviation and telecommunications, and introduce a mechanism for competition. The reforms need to improve the relations between the government and enterprises so as to meet the requirements of a socialist market economy. The ownership system needs to be further improved. We need to uphold the dominance of the public sector of the economy, let the state-owned sector play the leading role, develop various forms of collective undertakings, and support, encourage and guide the healthy development of private and individual sectors of the economy.
Overhauling and regulating market order, and expanding the market system. This is an urgent task to ensure normal operation of the economy and an important measure to strengthen the socialist market economy. We must improve laws and regulations concerning markets and enforce the law strictly. We need to improve oversight mechanisms and employ advanced technology to improve market supervision. We must persist in cracking down on criminal activities such as producing and marketing fake and shoddy goods, tax evasion, tax fraud, obtaining foreign currency through deception, and smuggling. We need to overhaul the construction market, reorganize and standardize the financial order, strengthen financial discipline, tighten audit supervision, standardize the operation of intermediary agencies, break up monopolies by departments or industries, eliminate regional barriers, and improve management and supervision of industrial safety. We need to oppose local protectionism. We need to establish as soon as possible and improve an integrated national market system that is standardized and encourages fair competition. We need to focus our efforts on the development of markets for production factors, especially capital, foster work ethics that stress honesty and trustworthiness, and accelerate the establishment and improvement of a nationwide credit system.
Enhancing macro-control, and deepening reform of the finance, taxation, banking and investment systems. We need to gear our macroeconomic policies to the changing economic situation. In the near future we will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy to increase investment and stimulate consumption. We need to conduct financial affairs according to the law, strengthen tax collection and management, and improve supervision of government financial affairs. We will step up the reform of replacing fees with taxes and the reform of the budget system, improve the tax system, and adjust and improve the system of fiscal expenditures in order to gradually set up a public finance framework compatible with a socialist market economy. While expanding domestic demand and checking the trend of deflation, we need to be on guard against possible overheated economic growth and inflation. We will continue to implement a prudent monetary policy and regulate money supply in timely fashion to keep the Renminbi stable. We need to carry out a comprehensive reform of the wholly state-owned commercial banks in the light of modern banking principles and bring the role of the policy banks into full play. We need to develop medium-sized and small banking institutions, standardize and improve the securities market, and safeguard the interests of investors. We need to expand the insurance industry, improve supervision of financial institutions, implement a system of strict evaluation of financial operations and management, implement a system of accountability, improve financial services and the quality of financial assets, and guard against and defuse financial risks. We also need to deepen the reform of the investment system, adopt a system under which legal persons are responsible for all investment projects, a public bidding system, a project supervision system, and a contract management system, and strengthen the mechanisms for restraining investment.
Doing a better job in opening to the outside world in the light of economic globalization. First, we should lose no time in preparing for China ’s entry into the World Trade Organization and fulfilling our tasks in the transitional period. We need to take effective measures to change the methods of government administration and enhance the competitiveness of Chinese enterprises. We need to deepen the reforms in order to establish a system of foreign trade and economic cooperation compatible with international norms and suitable to domestic conditions. We need to step up the work of revising relevant laws and regulations. We also need to train professionals who are well acquainted with regulations governing international trade. Second, we need to expand import and export trade, with emphasis on the export of high-quality goods and technology. We need to optimize the mix of export commodities by expanding the share of high and new technology products, raising the technological content and added value in traditional commodities exported in large quantities, and expanding the scale of the service sector. We need to standardize the regulation of processing industries and increase the value-added increment of such trade. We need to vigorously promote market diversification and open new markets for our exports. In import trade we need to emphasize advanced technology, key equipment and important raw and processed materials that are urgently needed in China . We need to take an active part in multilateral trading partnerships and international and regional economic cooperation. Third, we need to make better use of foreign funds. We need to open up the service sector to foreign investment step by step. We need to encourage foreign investors, especially transnational corporations, to invest in high-tech industries and infrastructure, and encourage them to set up research and development centers in China and to participate in the restructuring and renovation of state-owned enterprises. We need to support eligible enterprises to become listed on overseas stock markets and further improve the investment climate. We also need to explore new ways to utilize more foreign investment, such as acquisition, merger, risk investment, investment funds, and investment in securities. We should actively encourage foreign businessmen to invest more in the central and western regions. We should continue to manage the special economic zones and the Pudong New Area well. Fourth, we need to implement a "going global" strategy, encouraging enterprises with comparative advantages to make investments abroad, to establish processing operations, to exploit foreign resources with local partners, to contract for international engineering projects, and to increase the export of labor. We need to provide a supportive policy framework to create favorable conditions for enterprises to establish overseas operations. We also need to strengthen supervision and prevent the loss of state assets.
八、不斷改善人民生活，完善社會保障制度
在經濟發展的基礎上，使人民生活有較大改善，逐步向更加寬裕的小康生活邁進，是今后五年的重要任務。
加快完善社會保障制度。這是關系改革、發展、穩定全局的大事。要確保國有企業下崗職工基本生活費和離退休人員基本養老金按時足額發放。同時，加快形成獨立于企業事業單位之外、資金來源多元化、保障制度規范化、管理服務社會化的社會保障體系。精心做好完善城鎮社會保障體系的試點工作。完善社會統籌和個人帳戶相結合的城鎮職工基本養老保險制度。健全失業保險制度，逐步實現國有企業下崗職工基本生活保障和失業保險并軌。加強城市居民最低生活保障制度，關心困難群眾的生活。積極推進城鎮職工基本醫療保險制度、醫療機構和藥品流通體制改革。鼓勵有條件的用人單位為職工建立補充養老和醫療保險，并發揮商業保險的作用。建立可靠、穩定的社會保障資金籌措、有效運營和嚴格管理機制。發展社會福利、社會救濟、優撫安置和社會互助等社會保障事業。切實保障婦女、未成年人、老年人、殘疾人的合法權益。支持殘疾人事業發展。
千方百計擴大就業。 "十五"期間擴大就業的任務十分繁重。在保持較快經濟增長的同時，要重視發展有比較優勢的勞動密集型產業，特別是發展就業容量大的服務業，積極發展集體企業和私營、個體企業，努力增加就業崗位，拓寬就業渠道。加強社區建設，擴大社區服務。發展靈活多樣的就業形式。引導人們轉變就業觀念，鼓勵創業和自謀職業。加強勞動力市場建設，完善就業服務體系，發展職業培訓，形成市場導向的就業機制。
不斷增加居民收入，特別是增加低收入者的收入。建立健全與經濟增長相適應的工資支付制度、最低工資制度和最低工資標準調整機制。各級財政要按照 "一要吃飯、二要建設"的原則，保證機關事業單位工作人員工資和離退休費按時足額發放，逐步改善他們的工資待遇。深化收入分配制度改革。堅持效率優先、兼顧公平原則。認真貫徹按勞分配為主體、多種分配方式并存的制度，鼓勵資本、技術等生產要素參與收益分配。要提高國有企業高層管理人員、技術人員的工資報酬，充分體現他們的勞動價值，可以試行年薪制。但同時要有嚴格的約束和監督，不能不管工作好壞、企業效益高低，都照拿高薪。對不稱職、瀆職的人要有相應的制裁措施。對國有上市公司負責人和技術骨干，還可以試行期權制，但不能把國有資產量化給個人。加強對壟斷行業個人收入分配的監管。要規范社會分配秩序，強化?nbsp| 收對收入分配的調節功能，防止收入差距過分擴大。
調整消費結構，改善消費環境。著力改善城鄉居民的住行條件。大力發展經濟適用住房，建立廉租房供應保障體系。積極發展公共交通。加強城市綠化和城鄉基礎設施建設，改善城鄉居民生活環境。發展社區衛生預防保健，努力改善農村衛生服務條件。加強群眾性體育設施建設。
VIII. Constantly Raising Living Standards and Improving the Social Security System
It is an important task for the government in the next five years to raise living standards substantially and gradually enable the people to lead a more comfortable life.
Improving the social security system at a faster pace. This is a major issue concerning reform, development and stability. We need to ensure that basic living allowances for laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises and basic pensions for retirees are paid in full and on time. At the same time, we need to accelerate the formation of a social security system that is independent of enterprises or institutions and supported by funds from diversified sources, and that provides standardized safeguards and society-wide services. In addition, we need to conduct meticulous pilot projects aimed at improving the social security system in urban areas. We need to improve the basic old-age insurance system for workers in urban areas, combining contributions from enterprises and institutions with personal accounts. We also need to improve the unemployment insurance system and gradually incorporate the basic cost-of-living allowances for workers laid off by state-owned enterprises into unemployment insurance. We need t o strengthen the system of subsistence allowances for urban residents and take good care of those in dire need. We need to improve the basic medical insurance system for workers in urban areas and carry forward the reform of medical institution and the system for distributing medicines. Institutional employers with available resources are encouraged to set up supplementary old-age and medical insurance programs for their employees and more fully utilize commercial insurance. We must see to it that there are reliable sources and a stable flow of funds for social security, and that these funds are efficiently operated under a strict management mechanism. We need to develop other social security programs, such as social welfare, charities, job placement for demobilized servicemen and social mutual aid. We must safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of women, juveniles, senior citizens and the handicapped; and we need to support the various programs to help the handicapped.
Expanding employment by all possible means. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, we face the demanding task of expanding employment. While maintaining a fairly high growth rate for the economy, we must develop labor-intensive industries that have comparative advantages, especially service businesses that can provide large numbers of jobs. We also need to encourage the development of collective, private and individual businesses to create more jobs. We need to improve the infrastructure of communities and expand community services. We need to set up a flexible employment system to provide more forms of employment. We need to help people change their ideas about employment and encourage them to start their own businesses or find jobs for themselves. We need to make greater efforts to develop the labor market, improve employment services, expand vocational training, and form market-oriented employment mechanisms.
Increasing income of urban dwellers, especially those with low incomes. We need to establish a wage payment system, a minimum wage system, and a mechanism for adjusting the minimum wage as the economy grows. Government financial departments at all levels need to ensure that the salaries of government employees and pensions for retirees are paid in full and on time, and gradually increase salaries in accordance with the principle of feeding the people first, then building the country. We need to deepen the reform of the system of income distribution. We should adhere to the principle of giving priority to efficiency with due consideration to fairness. We need to implement an income distribution system in which distribution according to work is the leading principle and other factors are taken into consideration, and we need to include capital, technology and other economic factors in the distribution of economic rewards. We must raise salaries of senior managers and senior technical professionals in state-owned enterprises to fully reflect their contributions and annual salaries may be introduced on a trial basis for them. At the same time we must enforce strict restraint and supervision to prevent those who do poor work from getting high salaries even if the performance of their enterprises is dissatisfactory. There must be penalties for those who are not qualified or even guilty of malfeasance. Stock options may also be initiated on a trial basis for leading executives and key technical professionals in state-controlled companies listed on the stock market, but state assets must not be transferred to individuals. We need to tighten the control and supervision over income distribution in monopoly industries, standardize the distribution of social wealth, and strengthen the regulatory function of tax collection over income distribution to prevent the gap in income distribution from becoming too wide.
Adjusting the consumption pattern and improving the environment for consumption. Efforts should be made to improve housing and transportation conditions for both urban and rural residents. We need to build more affordable and functional housing and establish a system to ensure an adequate supply of low rent housing. We need to energetically develop public transportation. We need to improve urban landscaping and develop infrastructures in urban and rural areas. More efforts should be made to improve the living environment of urban and rural residents. We need to develop preventive medical care for communities, improve public health services in rural areas, and expand public-oriented sports facilities
九、繼續實施可持續發展戰略
促進人口、資源、環境協調發展，把實施可持續發展戰略放在更突出的位置。
堅持計劃生育基本國策。要努力保持低生育水平，促進優生優育。重點做好農村和流動人口計劃生育工作。建立計劃生育利益導向機制，繼續實行地方黨政領導責任制。加快人口與計劃生育法制建設。認真做好老齡人口的工作，發展老齡事業。 保護和合理利用資源。依法保護和合理利用淡水、土地、能源等寶貴資源。逐步建立戰略性礦產資源儲備和安全供應體系。加強對海洋資源的綜合開發利用和保護。積極開展資源回收利用，大力提高資源綜合利用率。健全資源的有償使用制度。維護礦產等資源的國家所有者權益。完善資源保護和利用的法律法規，強化執法監督。
加強生態建設和環境保護。抓好長江上游、黃河上中游等地區的天然林保護工程建設。繼續加強東北、華北、西北和長江中下游等重點防護林體系建設。加強天然草原的保護和建設。推進巖溶地區石漠化綜合治理。抓緊治理京津地區風沙源。繼續開展重點流域、區域、海域的污染治理。綜合治理城市污染，搞好城市綠化，使大中城市環境質量明顯改善。重視農村污染治理和環境保護。健全環境、氣象和地震監測體系，做好防災減災工作。
IX. Continuing to Implement the Strategy of Sustainable Development
We need to better coordinate the development of population, resources and the environment, and place more emphasis on the implementation of the strategy of sustainable development.
Adhering to the basic state policy on family planning. We must work hard to sustain the low birth rate and improve prenatal and postnatal care. We need to devote more effort to the management of family planning in rural areas and among the floating population. We should establish awards for family planning and continue to hold leaders of local Party and government organizations responsible for work in this regard. Legislation on population and family planning must be accelerated. We need to expand care for senior citizens.
Protecting natural resources and using them properly. We need to protect and make proper use of valuable resources such as fresh water, farmland and energy in accordance with the law. We must gradually establish a system of reserves for strategically important mineral resources and ensure their safe supply. We need to strengthen the comprehensive development, utilization and conservation of marine resources. We need to increase our recycling of resources in order to utilize our resources more effectively. We need to improve the system of paying compensation for the use of natural resources. We must safeguard the rights and interests of the state as the owner of mineral and other resources. We must improve laws and regulations in this regard, and strengthen law enforcement.
Improving ecological conservation and strengthening environmental protection. Greater efforts need to be exerted to complete projects to protect natural forests, such as those along the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River . We need to intensify work on the Northeast, North and Northwest China Shelter Forest Projects and similar projects on the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze. We need to do more to protect natural grasslands. We need to step up our efforts to prevent the karst from becoming stony desert. No time can be lost in bringing under control the sources of sand storms affecting the area around Beijing and Tianjin . We need to continue our efforts to control and treat water pollution in important river valleys, regions and sea areas. We need to treat pollution and do more landscaping in large and medium cities with the aim of noticeably improving the quality of the environment there. We also need to pay due attention to prevention and control of environmental pollution in rural areas. We need to improve environmental, meteorological and seismological monitoring to help prevention and reduction of natural disasters.
十、加強精神文明和民主法制建設，加強國防建設
大力加強社會主義精神文明建設。堅持兩手抓、兩手都要硬的方針。鞏固和加強馬克思主義的指導地位，用馬列主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論教育人民，弘揚愛國主義、集體主義、社會主義精神。在干部中深入開展 "三個代表"重要思想的教育，堅持講學習、講政治、講正氣，樹立正確的世界觀、人生觀、價值觀。努力建立適應社會主義市場經濟發展的思想道德體系，把依法治國和以德治國結合起來。普及科學知識，反對愚昧迷信，倡導文明健康的生活方式。進一步發展文學藝術、新聞出版、廣播影視等各項事業。堅持為人民服務、為社會主義服務的方向和百花齊放、百家爭鳴的方針，生產出更多更好的精神產品。堅持正確的輿論導向。高度重視新的信息媒體的建設和管理。加強圖書館、文化館、科技館、博物館、檔案館等文化設施建設，加強青少年、老年活動場所建設。繼續開展群眾性精神文明創建活動。深化文化體制改革，完善文化經濟政策，推動有關文化產業發展。整頓和規范文化市場。堅持不懈地開展"掃黃打非"斗爭。
積極推進社會主義民主法制建設。發展社會主義民主政治，依法治國，建設社會主義法治國家。繼續推進政治體制改革。實行民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理和民主監督，保證人民依法享有廣泛的權利和自由，尊重和保障人權。繼續加強人民代表大會的立法和監督工作。發揮人民政協的政治協商、民主監督、參政議政作用。完善適應社會主義市場經濟體制的法律體系。各級政府要自覺接受同級人大的監督，主動聽取政協的意見。推進政府工作法制化，依法行政，從嚴治政。深化司法改革，嚴格執法，公正司法。深入開展反腐敗斗爭，加強廉政建設。強化法制教育，增強全體公民的法制觀念。加強政法系統基礎設施建設，提高政法隊伍素質。
進一步落實黨的民族政策，堅持和完善民族區域自治制度，發展平等、團結、互助的社會主義民族關系。結合西部大開發，加大支持力度，加快少數民族和民族地區經濟與社會全面發展，促進各民族共同繁榮和進步。全面貫徹黨的宗教政策，保障公民宗教信仰自由，依法管理宗教事務，積極引導宗教與社會主義社會相適應。認真貫徹黨的僑務政策，充分發揮海外僑胞在祖國現代化建設與和平統一大業中的作用。
進一步維護社會穩定。正確處理新時期人民內部矛盾。重視群眾的來信來訪。搞好社會治安綜合治理，打擊各種危害社會與國家安全的犯罪活動。依法打擊民族分裂活動、宗教極端勢力、暴力恐怖活動、邪教和利用宗教進行非法活動。繼續開展同 "法輪功"邪教組織的斗爭，深入揭露和批判其反人類、反社會、反科學的邪教本質，及其淪為國內外敵對勢力反對我國社會主義政權工具的反動面目，依法嚴厲打擊極少數違法犯罪分子，堅持不懈地團結、教育、挽救絕大多數被蒙騙的群眾。
加強國防和軍隊建設。這是國家安全和現代化建設的重要保證。在集中力量發展國民經濟的同時，必須積極推進國防建設，增強國防實力。要大力加強軍隊思想政治建設，確保黨對軍隊的絕對領導和軍隊建設的正確方向。認真貫徹新時期積極防御的戰略方針，堅持改革創新，堅持質量建軍，科技強軍，勤儉建軍，依法治軍，走有中國特色的精兵之路，全面提高軍隊革命化、現代化、正規化建設水平。強化全民國防意識，健全國防動員體制。加強國防科研，推進國防科技工業調整、改革，發展新型武器裝備，增強現代技術特別是高技術條件下防衛作戰的能力，做好應付各種復雜情況的準備。
X. Promoting Spiritual Civilization, Improving Democracy and the Legal System, and Strengthening National Defense
Vigorously promoting socialist spiritual civilization. We need to follow the principle of "doing two jobs at once and attaching equal importance to each." We need to consolidate and strengthen the guiding role of Marxism and educate the people in Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory. We need to promote patriotism, collectivism and socialism. We need to continue education of our cadres in the important principle of " Three Represents" (The Communist Party of China represents the requirement to develop advanced productive forces, an orientation towards advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China.) and foster the spirit of studying hard, being politically-minded, and being honest and upright. Our cadres should have a correct outlook on the world and life and have correct values. We need to work hard to foster ideas and ethics appropriate for a socialist market economy. We need to administer the country in accordance with moral principles as well as the law. We need to disseminate scientific knowledge, combat ignorance and superstition, and encourage healthy lifestyles. We need to further develop various cultural undertakings, such as literature and art, journalism and publishing, and radio, film and television. We should adhere to the principles of serving the people and socialism and of "letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend. " We need to produce more and better cultural and intellectual works. We need to maintain the correct orientation of public opinion, and place strong emphasis on the establishment and management of new information media. We need to build more libraries, cultural centers, science and technology centers, museums, archives, and recreation centers for juveniles and senior citizens. Mass participation activities should be continued to promote cultural and ethical progress. We need to deepen reform of the system for managing cultural undertakings, improve the economic policies concerning cultural undertakings, and promote the development of industries related to culture. We need to organize and standardize the cultural market and persist in the fight against pornographic and other illegal products.
Energetically improving socialist democracy and the legal system. We need to develop a socialist democratic political system, govern the country according to the law, and make China a socialist country ruled by law. We need to press ahead with reform of the political system; implement democratic elections, decision- making, management and supervision; protect the extensive rights and freedoms of the people as prescribed by law; and respect and guarantee human rights. We need to continue to strengthen the legislative and supervisory role of the People’s Congress, and expand the role of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference in political consultation, democratic supervision, and administration and deliberation of state affairs. We need to bring the legal system into line with a socialist market economy. Governments at all levels must conscientiously subject themselves to the supervision of the people’s congresses at corresponding levels and consult with the CPPCC. They must govern in accordance with the law and be strict in performing official duties. We need to deepen the reform of the judicial system, strictly enforce laws, and administer justice impartially. We need to put greater efforts into combating corruption and building a clean government. We need to strengthen legal education and raise the awareness of law among all citizens. We need to strengthen development of legal infrastructures, and improve the qualifications of procuratorial, judicial and public security officers.
We need to make further efforts to implement the Party’s policy on ethnic groups, adhere to and build upon the system of the autonomy of ethnic minority regions, and develop socialist relationships among all ethnic groups characterized by equality, unity and mutual assistance. As part of our efforts to develop the western region of China , we need to give more support to accelerate the all-round economic and social development of the areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, and strive for common prosperity and progress of all ethnic groups. We need to implement the Party’s policy on religions in a comprehensive manner, protect the people’s freedom of religious belief, administer religious affairs in accordance with the law, and help the various religions adapt to socialist society. We need to conscientiously implement the Party’s policy on affairs concerning overseas Chinese and bring their role into full play in the modernization drive and the great cause of peaceful reunification of the country.
We need to better safeguard social stability and correctly handle conflicts among the people in the new era. We should pay close attention to correspondence from the people and their personal visits. We need to improve public order through comprehensive measures and crack down on criminal activities that pose a threat to social order and national security. We must use legal means to combat ethnic separatist activities, religious extremist forces, violent and terrorist activities, cults, and illegal activities carried out under the guise of religion. We need to continue our campaign against the Falun Gong cult, and further expose and condemn the anti-human, anti-social and anti-science nature of the cult, which has become a tool for domestic and overseas forces hostile to our socialist government. We need to mete out severe punishment to the small number of criminals while making unremitting efforts to unite, educate and rescue the vast majority of people who have been taken in.
Strengthening national defense and building up the armed services. This is an important guarantee for the security of the state and the success of the modernization drive. As we focus our efforts on developing the national economy, we must also strengthen our national defense and increase our defense capabilities. We need to strengthen ideological and political work among servicemen, ensure the absolute leadership of the Party over the armed forces, and guide the development of the armed forces in the correct direction. We need to work conscientiously to implement the military strategy of active defense in the new era; persist in reform and innovation; strengthen the armed forces through science and technology, with an emphasis on quality and thrift; run the armed forces by law; and streamline the armed forces in a Chinese way in order to build a more modernized, standardized revolutionary army. We need to raise the people’s awareness of the importance of national defense and improve the mobilization system. We need to strengthen defense-related scientific research, reform and restructure science, technology and industry related to national defense, develop new weapons and equipment, utilize modern technology, especially high technology to improve the defense capabilities and combat effectiveness of the armed forces, and ensure their preparedness for any contingency.
各位代表！進入新世紀，我們將繼續按照 "一國兩制"方針和基本法，全力支持香港、澳門特別行政區行政長官和政府依法施政，加強港澳與內地的經濟合作及交流，維護香港、澳門的長期繁榮穩定。
盡早解決臺灣問題，實現祖國完全統一，是中華兒女的共同期盼，是我們面臨的重大任務。我們將繼續執行 " 和平統一、一國兩制"的基本方針和江澤民主席提出的八項主張，與廣大臺灣同胞一道，堅決阻止任何制造分裂的圖謀，盡一切可能爭取和平統一。我們將堅持一個中國原則，在此基礎上繼續推動兩岸對話與談判，發展兩岸經濟文化交流和人員往來。我們堅信，經過中華兒女的不懈奮斗，祖國統一大業必將早日完成。 面對世界多極化和經濟全球化深入發展的國際形勢，我們將始終不渝地奉行獨立自主的和平外交政策，在和平共處五項原則的基礎上，進一步同世界各國發展友好合作關系，爭取一個長期的國際和平環境和良好的周邊環境。中國將積極參與國際事務，為維護世界和平、促進國際合作、實現共同發展，為推動建立和平穩定、公正合理的國際政治經濟新秩序，作出新的貢獻。
各位代表�。玻埃埃蹦晔沁M入新世紀、實施 "十五" 計劃的第一年。全面貫徹黨的十五屆五中全會和中央經濟工作會議精神，做好今年的各項工作，對于實施"十五" 計劃起好步、開好局，至關重要。要堅持擴大國內需求的方針，實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策。繼續發行１５００億元長期建設國債，集中用于在建項目和西部開發項目。同時，適當增加機關事業單位人員工資，提高城鎮低收入者收入。把加強農業基礎地位和增加農民收入放在經濟工作首位，采取有力措施切實解決當前農業、農村中存在的突出問題。鞏固和擴大國有企業改革成果，在建立現代企業制度、轉換經營機制和加強科學管理上狠下功夫。抓緊做好加入世貿組織的各項準備工作。加快完善社會保障體系，多渠道擴大就業，改善人民生活。要把大力整頓和規范市場經濟秩序，作為一項緊迫的重要任務。加強精神文明和民主法制建設。繼續處理好改革、發展、穩定的關系，搞好社會治安綜合治理，維護社會穩定。支持北京市申辦奧運。要統籌兼顧，乘勢前進，保持經濟和社會發展的良好勢頭。 各位代表！我們已經跨進了２１世紀，邁上了向現代化建設第三步戰略目標進軍的新征程。任何艱難險阻都擋不住中國人民勝利前進的步伐！讓我們緊密團結在以江澤民同志為核心的黨中央周圍，高舉鄧小平理論偉大旗幟，堅持黨的基本路線，以"三個代表"重要思想為指導，振奮精神，扎實工作，為實現"十五"計劃目標，為把我國建設成為富強民主文明的社會主義現代化國家而努力奮斗！（完）
Fellow Deputies,
As we enter the new century, we will continue to adhere to the principle of "one country, two systems" and the basic laws of Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions. Economic cooperation and exchanges of the mainland with Hong Kong and Macao should be strengthened. We will render full support to the chief executives and governments of Hong Kong and Macao in their efforts to govern the regions in accordance with the law, and defend the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong and Macao .
An early settlement of the Taiwan issue and the accomplishment of national reunification are the shared aspirations of the entire Chinese nation and an enormous task we are now facing. We will continue to follow the basic principles of "peaceful reunification " and "one country, two systems" and the eight-point proposal put forward by President Jiang Zemin. We will, together with the vast majority of our compatriots in Taiwan , resolutely put a stop to any separatist attempt and do our utmost to achieve peaceful reunification. We will adhere to the one China principle, continue to push for cross-Straits dialogue and negotiations on that basis, and promote economic, cultural and personnel exchanges between the two sides. We are confident that with the unremitting efforts of all Chinese people, the great cause of national reunification will surely be accomplished at an early date.
In the face of an international situation characterized by growing political multipolarization and economic globalization, we will, as always, pursue an independent foreign policy of peace, develop friendly relations and cooperation with all countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, and strive for a long-term peaceful international environment and good relations with our neighbors. China will take an active part in international affairs and make fresh contributions to the maintenance of world peace, the promotion of international cooperation, the achievement of common development, and the establishment of a peaceful, stable, just and reasonable new international political and economic order.
Fellow Deputies,
The year 2001 is the first year into the new century and the first year for the implementation of the Tenth Five-Year Plan. To ensure a good beginning for this endeavor, it is crucial to act in the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the Party’s Fifteenth Central Committee and its conference on economic work, and do all aspects of this year’s work well. We need to adhere to the policy of expanding domestic demand and continue to follow a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy. We will issue 150 billion yuan of long-term treasury bonds, and invest the ensuing revenue in projects under construction and development projects in the western region. We will raise staff salaries of government organizations and institutions at an appropriate rate. We will also increase the earnings of urban residents with low incomes. We need to put strengthening agriculture as the foundation of the economy and increasing farmers’ incomes on the top of our economic agenda, and take effective measures to solve outstanding agricultural and other problems presently facing rural areas. We need to consolidate and build on our achievements in the reform of state-owned enterprises, and pay special attention to establishing a modern corporate structure, transforming operational mechanisms and intensifying scientific management. We need to quicken preparation for accession into the World Trade Organization. We need to improve the social security system, create more jobs by various means, and raise people’s living standards. An important and pressing task is to make great efforts in reorganizing and standardizing the order of the market economy. We need to promote spiritual civilization and improve democracy and the legal system. We need to continue to handle the relationship between reform, development and stability properly, improve all facets of public security and maintain social stability. We fully support Beijing ’s bid to host the Olympic Games. We need to make overall plans by taking all factors into consideration and avail ourselves of the favorable circumstances in order to sustain our forward momentum in economic and social development.
Fellow Deputies,
We have already entered the 21st century and started to march toward the strategic objectives of the third stage in the modernization drive. No difficulties or hardships can deter we Chinese people in our pursuit of success. Let us rally closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Jiang Zemin at its core, hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory, adhere to the Party’s basic line, and follow the guidance of the important principle of the "Three Represents". Let us bestir ourselves and work diligently toward the objectives set forth in the Tenth Five-Year Plan for the establishment of a strong, prosperous, democratic, and culturally advanced modern socialist country! |
